JoeRoseBlog

Sunday, January 11, 2015

Blood Pressure Drugs May Backfire On You

Blood Pressure Drugs May Backfire On You: My Prescription for Achieving Healthy Blood Pressure WITHOUT Drugs

Replace most of your carbs with non-starchy vegetables and replace the lost calories with healthy fats as mentioned above

Normalize your omega 6:3 ratio. Both omega-3 and omega-6 fats are essential for your health. Most Americans, however, are getting too much omega-6 and too little omega-3 in their diets. Consuming omega-3 fats is one of the best ways to re-sensitize your insulin receptors if you suffer from insulin resistance. Omega-3 fats are also important for strong cell membranes and good arterial elasticity. The best sources of omega-3 fats are fish and animal products. Unfortunately, most fresh fish today contains dangerously high levels of mercury. Your best bet is to find a safe source of fish, or if this proves too difficult, supplement with a high quality krill oil.

Eliminate caffeine. The connection between caffeine consumption and high blood pressure is not well understood, but there is ample evidence to indicate that if you have hypertension, coffee and other caffeinated drinks and foods can exacerbate your condition.

Consume fermented foods. Disturbances in gut flora appear to be a significant factor in the development of heart disease, as well as in many other chronic health problems. The best way to optimize your gut flora is by including some naturally fermented foods in your diet, such as sauerkraut and other fermented vegetables, yogurt, kefir, cheese and natto. Fermented foods (especially gouda and edam cheeses) are an important source of vitamin K2, which plays a crucial role in protecting your heart and brain.

Optimize your vitamin D level. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to metabolic syndrome, as well as to high blood pressure. Vitamin D is a negative inhibitor of your body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which regulates blood pressure. If you're vitamin D deficient, it can cause inappropriate activation of your RAS, which may lead to hypertension. Ideally, you'll want to get your vitamin D by safely exposing your skin to the sun, or using a safe tanning bed. If those are not possible, then consider taking a vitamin D3 supplement.

Make exercise a priority. A comprehensive exercise regimen such as my Peak Fitness program is very important in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Your routine should incorporate high-intensity burst-type exercises and weight training one to three times a week, as these have been shown to be even more effective than aerobic exercises at reducing your risk of dying from a heart attack.

Get Grounded. Lack of grounding, due to widespread use of rubber or plastic-souled shoes, is likely contributing to chronic inflammation today. When you walk on the earth barefoot there is a massive transfer of beneficial electrons rom the Earth into your body. Experiments show that walking barefoot outside improves blood viscosity and blood flow, which help regulate blood pressure. So, do yourself a favor and put your bare feet upon the sand or dewy grass to harness the healing power of the Earth.

Manage your stress. It’s a well-known fact that stress elevates blood pressure, so controlling stress is an essential element of good heart health. My preferred stress-busting tool is Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), which is easy to learn and easy to use. However, you might find other methods like yoga, meditation, or prayer, equally effective.

Final Words

Strategies to Help Prevent Hypertension

Strategies to Help Prevent Hypertension: ome Blood Pressure Drugs Raise Risk of Blindness

Some Blood Pressure Drugs Raise Risk of Blindness

Another major population study discovered that some type of hypertension drugs called vasodilators actually increase your risk of early onset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the most common cause of blindness among American seniors. As noted in a press release:17
"...[R]esearchers... conducted a long-term population-based cohort study from 1988 to 2013 of nearly 5,000 residents of Beaver Dam, Wis., aged 43 to 86 years... The researchers found that, after adjusting for age, sex and other factors, using any vasodilator such as Apresoline and Loniten, which open (dilate) the blood vessels—was associated with a 72 percent greater risk of developing early-stage AMD. Among people who were not taking vasodilators, an estimated 8.2 percent developed signs of early AMD. In comparison, among those taking a vasodilator medication, 19.1 percent developed the disease.
The researchers also found that taking oral beta blockers such as Tenormin and Lopressor was associated with a 71 percent increase in the risk of neovascular AMD, a more advanced and vision-threatening form of the disease. Among those who were not taking oral beta blockers an estimated 0.5 percent developed signs of neovascular AMD. In comparison among those taking oral beta blockers, 1.2 percent developed neovascular AMD."

Friday, January 09, 2015

▶ Hilarious Southwest Airline Safety Presentation (Open Captions) - YouTube

Wednesday, January 07, 2015

Lincoln on the Rise of the Ambitious and The Silent Artillery of Time @ AMERICAN DIGEST

Lincoln on the Rise of the Ambitious and The Silent Artillery of Time

And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock
I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against
it. -- Matthew 16:18

In the great journal of things happening under the
sun, we, the American people, find our account running under date of the
nineteenth century of the Christian era. We find ourselves in the
peaceful possession of the fairest portion of the earth as regards
extent of territory, fertility of soil, and salubrity of climate. We
find ourselves under the government of a system of political
institutions conducing more essentially to the ends of civil and
religious liberty than any of which the history of former times tells
us. We, when mounting the stage of existence, found ourselves the legal
inheritors of these fundamental blessings. We toiled not in the
acquirement or establishment of them; they are a legacy bequeathed us by
a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed, race
of ancestors. Theirs was the task (and nobly they performed it) to
possess themselves, and through themselves us, of this goodly land, and
to uprear upon its hills and its valleys a political edifice of liberty
and equal rights; 'tis ours only to transmit these—the former unprofaned
by the foot of an invader, the latter undecayed by the lapse of time
and untorn by usurpation—to the latest generation that fate shall permit
the world to know. This task gratitude to our fathers, justice to
ourselves, duty to posterity, and love for our species in general, all
imperatively require us faithfully to perform.

How then shall we perform it? At what point shall we expect the approach
of danger? By what means shall we fortify against it? Shall we expect
some transatlantic military giant to step the ocean and crush us at a
blow? Never! All the armies of Europe, Asia, and Africa combined, with
all the treasure of the earth (our own excepted) in their military
chest, with a Bonaparte for a commander, could not by force take a drink
from the Ohio or make a track on the Blue Ridge in a trial of a
thousand years.

At what point then is the approach of danger to be expected? I
answer. If it ever reach us it must spring up amongst us; it cannot come
from abroad. If destruction be our lot we must ourselves be its
author and finisher. As a nation of freemen we must live through all
time or die by suicide.

....I know the American people are much attached to their government;
I know they would suffer much for its sake; I know they would endure
evils long and patiently before they would ever think of exchanging it
for another,—yet, notwithstanding all this, if the laws be continually
despised and disregarded, if their rights to be secure in their persons
and property are held by no better tenure than the caprice of a mob, the
alienation of their affections from the government is the natural
consequence; and to that, sooner or later, it must come.

.... There are now, and will hereafter be, many causes, dangerous in
their tendency, which have not existed heretofore, and which are not too
insignificant to merit attention. That our government should have been
maintained in its original form, from its establishment until now, is
not much to be wondered at.

It had many props to support it through that period, which now are
decayed and crumbled away. Through that period it was felt by all to be
an undecided experiment; now it is understood to be a successful one.
Then, all that sought celebrity and fame and distinction expected to
find them in the success of that experiment. Their all was staked upon
it; their destiny was inseparably linked with it. Their ambition aspired
to display before an admiring world a practical demonstration of the
truth of a proposition which had hitherto been considered at best no
better than problematical—namely, the capability of a people to govern
themselves. If they succeeded they were to be immortalized; their names
were to be transferred to counties, and cities, and rivers, and
mountains; and to be revered and sung, toasted through all time.

If they failed, they were to be called knaves, and fools, and
fanatics for a fleeting hour; then to sink and be forgotten. They
succeeded. The experiment is successful, and thousands have won their
deathless names in making it so. But the game is caught; and I believe
it is true that with the catching end the pleasures of the chase. This
field of glory is harvested, and the crop is already appropriated. But
new reapers will arise, and they too will seek a field. It is to deny
what the history of the world tells us is true, to suppose that men of
ambition and talents will not continue to spring up amongst us. And when
they do, they will as naturally seek the gratification of their ruling
passion as others have done before them.

The question then is, Can that gratification be found in supporting
and maintaining an edifice that has been erected by others? Most
certainly it cannot. Many great and good men, sufficiently qualified for
any task they should undertake, may ever be found whose ambition would
aspire to nothing beyond a seat in Congress, a gubernatorial or a
presidential chair; but such belong not to the family of the lion or the
tribe of the eagle. What! think you these places would satisfy an
Alexander, a Caesar, or a Napoleon? Never! Towering genius disdains a
beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored. It sees no
distinction in adding story to story upon the monuments of fame erected
to the memory of others. It denies that it is glory enough to serve
under any chief. It scorns to tread in the footsteps of any predecessor,
however illustrious. It thirsts and burns for distinction; and if
possible, it will have it, whether at the expense of emancipating slaves
or enslaving freemen.

Is it unreasonable, then, to expect that some man possessed of
the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its
utmost stretch, will at some time spring up among us? And when such an
one does, it will require the people to be united with each other,
attached to the government and laws, and generally intelligent, to
successfully frustrate his designs.

Distinction will be his paramount object, and although he would as
willingly, perhaps more so, acquire it by doing good as harm, yet, that
opportunity being past, and nothing left to be done in the way of building up, he would set boldly to the task of pulling down.

.... At the close of that struggle, nearly every adult male had been a
participator in some of its scenes. The consequence was that of those
scenes, in the form of a husband, a father, a son, or a brother, a
living history was to be found in every family—a history bearing the
indubitable testimonies of its own authenticity, in the limbs mangled,
in the scars of wounds received, in the midst of the very scenes
related—a history, too, that could be read and understood alike by all,
the wise and the ignorant, the learned and the unlearned.

But those histories are gone. They can be read no more forever. They
were a fortress of strength; but what invading foeman could never do,
the silent artillery of time has done—the leveling of its walls. They
are gone. They were a forest of giant oaks; but the all-restless
hurricane has swept over them, and left only here and there a lonely
trunk, despoiled of its verdure, shorn of its foliage, unshading and
unshaded, to murmur in a few more gentle breezes, and to combat with its
mutilated limbs a few more ruder storms, then to sink and be no more.

They were pillars of the temple of liberty; and now that they have
crumbled away that temple must fall unless we, their descendants, supply
their places with other pillars, hewn from the solid quarry of sober
reason. Passion has helped us, but can do so no more. It will in future
be our enemy. Reason—cold, calculating, unimpassioned reason—must
furnish all the materials for our future support and defense. Let those
materials be molded into general intelligence, sound morality, and, in
particular, a reverence for the Constitution and laws; and that we
improved to the last, that we remained free to the last, that we revered
his name to the last, that during his long sleep we permitted no
hostile foot to pass over or desecrate his resting place, shall be that
which to learn the last trump shall awaken our Washington.

Upon these let the proud fabric of freedom rest, as the rock of its
basis; and as truly as has been said of the only greater institution,
"the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."
-- Abraham Lincoln The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions - An
Address Delivered Before the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Ill.
January 27, 1837

Monday, January 05, 2015

Curmudgeonly & Skeptical presents Boned Jello

Curmudgeonly & Skeptical presents Boned Jello

http://curmudgeonlyskeptical.blogspot.com/2013/02/natures-flu-shot.html

History of Religions - YouTube

Great Chinese Famine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saturday, January 03, 2015

(65) बुटवल अनलाइन - How Chinese Multiply

Heart at home: Once penniless on the streets, Baylor running back Silas Nacita beat the odds, found joy at home - College Football - SI.com

Tuesday, December 30, 2014

Check123 - Video Encyclopedia

Check123 - Video Encyclopedia

China Geography

Sunday, December 28, 2014

Who Says There's No Good News?: Science Increasingly Makes the Case for God @ AMERICAN DIGEST

Saturday, December 20, 2014

One Moment in Time: The Solstice Seen from Newgrange @ AMERICAN DIGEST

AMERICAN DIGEST: Comment on One Moment in Time: The Solstice Seen from Newgrange

Friday, December 19, 2014

Wife selling (English custom) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wednesday, December 17, 2014

Sultan Knish: A Dangerous Holiday

AMERICAN DIGEST Essays, News, Notes, and Quotes

AMERICAN DIGEST Essays, News, Notes, and Quotes: Kurtz: I've seen horrors... horrors that you've seen.

But you have no right to call me a murderer. You have a right to kill me. You have a right to do that... but you have no right to judge me. It's impossible for words to describe what is necessary to those who do not know what horror means. Horror... Horror has a face... and you must make a friend of horror. Horror and moral terror are your friends. If they are not, then they are enemies to be feared. They are truly enemies! I remember when I was with Special Forces... seems a thousand centuries ago. We went into a camp to inoculate some children. We left the camp after we had inoculated the children for polio, and this old man came running after us and he was crying. He couldn't see. We went back there, and they had come and hacked off every inoculated arm. There they were in a pile. A pile of little arms. And I remember... I... I... I cried, I wept like some grandmother. I wanted to tear my teeth out; I didn't know what I wanted to do! And I want to remember it. I never want to forget it... I never want to forget. And then I realized... like I was shot... like I was shot with a diamond... a diamond bullet right through my forehead. And I thought, my God... the genius of that! The genius! The will to do that! Perfect, genuine, complete, crystalline, pure. And then I realized they were stronger than we, because they could stand that these were not monsters, these were men... trained cadres. These men who fought with their hearts, who had families, who had children, who were filled with love... but they had the strength... the strength... to do that. If I had ten divisions of those men, our troubles here would be over very quickly. You have to have men who are moral... and at the same time who are able to utilize their primordial instincts to kill without feeling... without passion... without judgment... without judgment! Because it's judgment that defeats us. Apocalypse Now (1979) - Quotes - IMDb

25 Survival Christmas Gifts – LewRockwell.com

25 Brilliant Survival Stocking-Stuffer Ideas You’ll Love

By Scott Kelley
Graywolf Survival

December 17, 2014

I know survival and I’m pretty picky with gifts. The
best stocking stuffer gifts are unique, small, affordable, useful, and
things they’ll love. But what do you get someone who loves the outdoors?

I’ve done that research for you and found 25 no-fail survival gifts for the outdoorsman or prepper in your life. I’m cool like that.

I particularly chose these gifts with you faithful readers in mind –
AND tried to find some for those friends and family of yours who may not
particularly share your concern for being prepared (although a
particularly cool gift below like the flint/steel may sway them into
being interested).

25 brilliant survival stocking-stuffer ideas you’ll love

1) – Ultrafire® Cree 7W 300LM Mini LED One Mode Flashlight

I think the best stocking stuffer this year for preppers and non-preppers is this little CREE flashlight. WHY? because they’re ONLY A FEW BUCKS and they’re awesome. I like it so well, not only have I bought a ton of these for myself and others, I wrote a review of it.
After several months, I still love these lights. This one is a
no-brainer. Several of my friends and family have bought a dozen of
these at a time so they could have one in each car and give one to each
person on their shopping list.

2) – Coast HP1 Focusing LED Flashlight

These are a step up from
the CREE flashlight above. I learned about this little gem from some
of you guys, who apparently love them. The reviews on them support that
too. It’s $10 so even though it’s double the price of the one above, I
think it’s a great choice and still super affordable. It also uses AA,
which I love.

3) – MPOWERD Luci Inflatable Solar Lantern

This is an LED lantern that doesn’t require batteries. You just leave
it out in the light and it recharges. Packs to about the size of a
round CD case and has enough light for the inside of a tent or for
around the camp area. Also great as a backup in case your power goes
out, so you don’t have to drool all over a flashlight hanging from your
mouth while you work on things or read.

MPOWERD sent me one of these a few months to review. I
almost declined because it didn’t look like something that a typical
backpacker, camper, or prepper could use but after looking at how
they’ve been used in Africa and other places, I thought I’d give one a
try. I’m glad I did (here’s the review).
These things are definitely one of my favorite things. I pull mine out
any time my neighbors and I are hanging out by the fire on the weekends
and keep it in the top pocket of my personal bug out bag, allowing me to have a lantern that doesn’t need batteries and stay under my 25-pound weight limit.

It’s about 5 inches in diameter and an inch thick when deflated so
make sure it’ll fit in your stocking if you’re gonna go that route. If
not, it’d be pretty easy to inflate and then wrap and have them guessing
as to what’s inside. Do people still do that?

4) – Victorinox Hercules Knife

Every good EDC (Every Day Carry) kit has some sort of knife in it.
This particular one has more than just a knife, and has one of the best
reputations of any product on Earth. It’s one of those gifts that can
easily last a generation. This particular one is almost half off at the time I posted this article. Whatever you do, just make sure you get one with a locking blade.

5) – LifeStraw Personal Water Filter

This is by far the most popular portable water filter on the market. I personally have a few Sawyer Mini Filtration kits for my kit but people seem to really like the LifeStraw because it’s such a simple design. Either one would be a great choice though.

6) – Suunto A-10 Field Compass

Suunto makes great field gear and are especially good with compasses. I use one in my gear. I still have my Army-issue Lensatic tritium compass
but I switched it out for the Suunto when I redid my entire setup. If
your giftee is a traditionalist, they may really appreciate the lensatic
one but it’s definitely more money than the Suunto – a lot more. It’s
great for campers, hikers, preppers, or just people who sometimes get
turned around when trying to find things in town.

7) -Doan Magnesium Fire Starter Tool

Not only are these a great little interesting gift for people
(especially kids or guys who act like kids), this Doan model works
really well. I carry one in my kit. It’s super affordable and something
most people wouldn’t think to get as a gift.

This is important here – DO NOT GET A GENERIC COPY. Get the original Doan model I linked above.
There are a lot of Chinese frauds out there that just don’t work. They
aren’t really much (if any) cheaper than the real thing anyway. Watch
this video to see
why:youtube=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frDMAOlIGaY

8) – Wilderness Solutions Flint and Steel Kit

If you have a friend who’s into traditional things, getting back to nature, or a real do-it-yourselfer, this gift is
great. It’s a traditional flint and steel that have been used for
centuries. It also includes char cloth and some fiber to make it easier
to get things started. This probably isn’t a good gift for a beginning
camper/hiker/survival person but for others, it’s a pretty awesome one.

BTW, I have a post on how you can make your own char cloth in case you’re interested.

9) -P-38 Can Opener & P-51 Can Opener

These things are an absolute perfect stocking stuffer. So cheap that
they’re almost free and they’ll easily last generations. They’re useful
as both a can opener and emergency screwdriver. I keep a P-38 on my
dogtags.

Did you know they’re named the P-38 and P-51 because that’s about how many punctures they make to open a can of C-rations (and because of the fighter planes at the time)?

10) -Encrypted Thumb Drive with info

This one takes a little work on your part. A thumb drive like the one
I linked to above already has encryption on it and is the best choice.
You can also put on your own encryption on it using Bitlocker. If you’re gonna have personal information on the drive, encrypt it.

Once you’ve done that, include a text file with all the pertinent
contact information for your family and close friends, map to how to get
there, and put in some survival and other pdf’s in it in. Don’t listen
to the idiots who say that having electronics is a dumb idea for
survival just because there’s a 0.0000001% chance that an EMP/CME could
wipe out everything and we’d be back in the stone age. You’re more
likely to get hit by a flying cow.

Pole Shift Survival Information is a great place to get thousands of free survival-related documents but if you want it filtered down a bit, check out my What survival/prepper books would you have in your SHTF library? article.

11) – Paracord Bracelet with Fire Starter

Any paracord bracelet out there should work but I like this
particular one because it has a small ferro rod and striker built-into
it. I love double-duty gear. These are almost always a no-brainer gift, especially for guys.

12) – SAS Survival Handbook, Third Edition

I still think this is the best survival book out there. This is the
new 3rd edition. You can get the 2010 edition for a few bucks less but
go with this one.

13) – Ammo

If your giftee is a hunter or into self-defense, ammo is always a welcome gift. There are a few websites like Gunbot.net that automatically update prices from around the internet to find ammo at the best prices. It’s a great site.

14) – Goal Zero Guide 10 Plus Solar Recharging Kit

This is a pretty awesome setup. You can not only charge USB devices
with it, it can charge AA/AAA batteries. It’s a bit more than the other
things on this list but you don’t have to buy AA/AAA batteries anymore.
Just get a few rechargeables and you’re set. I swapped out all my house
remote controls now with rechargeables and use this so I never have to
run to the store in the middle of an intense Call of Duty session or
have to yell at my TV because I can’t get it to listen to my dead
remote.

15) – Yo Yo Fishing Reels

You may not have heard about these but they’re pretty cool. You set
them up above the water and leave them. Once a fish starts to nibble on
the hook, this thing goes into action and sets the hook for you. Watch this, it’s pretty cool:

16) – pStyle for women – pee standing up

These things are great for girls on hiking trips, biking trips, or so
they don’t have to go too far away from the campgrounds to pee. A lot
of girls in Iraq and Afghanistan used things like this on convoys so
they’d have a bit more privacy and could go quickly. It’s a great gift
for outdoor girls.

17) – SOG Seal Pup Knife

I have both versions of the SOG Seal knife. I used the larger one
when I was in Africa, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Once I got home, I wanted a
smaller one to cut down on weight and space in my pack but not
sacrifice having a great survival knife. That’s when I got this one –
the SOG Seal Pup. I carry it in my personal bug out bag or on my belt
when I’m camping or in the desert.

18) – Mini Bic Lighters

A cheap lighter is my go-to fire starting tool. These particular ones
are much smaller so they’re not only useful, they can easily fit in
pretty much any pocket or bag.

19) – Fozzils Bowlz Pack

I really like these. They pack flat so they don’t take up too much
room in a backpack, and weigh almost nothing. They snap together to make
a bowl, plate, or whatever. I personally have the two-bowl set for my
backpack but they have different sets you can get.

20) – Kupilka Cup

These are a favorite of ultralight backpackers and thru-hikers.
They’re a composite of wood and plastic so they’re strong and insulate
well, and they’re designed in a traditional Finnish design. Mine
came with a little spoon with it too, but I’m not sure if they all do.
The link above is the exact link I used to get mine.

21) – Estwing E24A Sportsman’s Hatchet

I debated putting this one on the list due to its size but I think
it’ll actually fit in a lot of stockings so I added it. I came awfully
close to getting the Estwing E24A Sportsman’s Hatchet for my pack but eventually decided on the Fiskars X7 14-inch hatchet
instead, but it was a very close call. For a gift, I’d go with the
Estwing. Not only is it a fantastic hatchet, it’s looks pretty awesome.

22) – Trumark Slingshot

Who doesn’t love a slingshot? This is the model I got for my survival
kit. Not only is it a good design for shooting rocks (not all are), it
has good reviews and holds its ammo inside the handle. Pretty cool!

23) – McNett Outgo Microfiber Towel

I tried a lot of compact towels for deployments over the years and
they all sucked – until I found one of these at the PX in Baghdad one
day. Luckily, you don’t have to go to a PX to get one. They’re
lightweight, inexpensive,and they actually work. Don’t bother trying any other brands because they probably won’t work.

I now have one of these in my backpack (a medium) and one for travel and my workout bag when I go to the gym.

24) – Emergency Blanket

I know you really want to get them a few of those mylar space blankets
instead, but they suck as emergency blankets. The one above is a real
blanket and can be used in real emergencies. The mylar ones don’t last
long and aren’t really blankets. They may be ok as a filler gift but not as a real survival item.

25) – Solo Stove with Backup Solo Alcohol Burner

This is the setup I use in my pack. It gives you the ability to cook with branches, pine cones, or
whatever burnable stuff you find – and also use alcohol. It’s a great
system to make sure you can boil water or be able to cook when you’re
camping or have no power for several days. The Trangia alcohol stove
that comes with it also has a lid so you can keep alcohol in it instead
of having to dump it out when you’re done cooking.

Conclusion

Keep in mind that two is one and one is none so don’t worry if they
already have a version of one of these things. They (and you) should
always have a backup.

There should be several of the ideas on this 25 stocking-stuffer
gift list that you’ll love but you don’t have to limit yourself. Just
use this list as a jumping-off point. You can’t go wrong with these
though.

BTW, if you want the Tactical Christmas Stocking that’s in my main image, you can get them here.

For more ideas, check out 999 freakin’ awesome ideas for your bug out bag. ~ Graywolf

If you’re still stuck after all that (which is possible), just get them a gift card for whatever value you want and let them choose. It’s the perfect fail-safe gift:

Reprinted with permission from Graywolf Survival.